Cortes :: essays research papers

Hernan Cortes was born in Medellin, Extre Madura in 1485. Hernan was only a petite 5’ 4'; but he made up for his height disadvantage with courage and determination.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cortes studied law in Spain but then he decided to come over to the Americas. Upon his arrival he joined force with velazquez to conquer Cuba. They did and in 1511 he became the mayor of Cuba. Cortes in 1519 persuaded Velaquez (governor) to allow an expedition to Mexico. Velazquez was skeptical but approved the trip anyway. So Cortes was of to Mexico with six-hundred men and twenty horses. Hernan sailed along the Yucatan and landed in Tabasco. Here he learned of Montezuma II and the Aztecs. During this time Cortes found a mistress named Marina. She helped as an interpreter, guide and counselor for the Spainards. Cortes then established a town, Veracruz. Here he removed the authority of Velaquez . He also burnt the ships which had brought them to prevent people from returning.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hernan Cortes and his men marched for weeks to reach the acclaimed Tenochtitlan. On his way he met up with the Tlaxcalanc who formed an alliance with him against the Aztecs. In November of 1519, Cortes finally reached the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan. Upon his arrival the Axtecs believed Cortes and the Spainards were the return of Quetzalcoatl. Quetzalcoatl was the axtec god-king who was light skinned, bearded, and would return from the east. All of these descriptions fitted Hernan. Hence, the Spainards were treated lavishly and roamed freely throughout the city. During this time the Spainish found a lot of gold stored throughout the city. Even with the lavish treatment the Spainish were receiving they still captured Montezuma II. Meanwhile, Velaquez, in Cuba dispatches Narvaez and to get Cortes for treason. Hernan hears of the news and goes to the coast to meet Narvaez. Cortes then persuades Narvaez and his troops to join him inn the conquests of the Aztecs. Upon his return to Tenochtitlan the Aztecs had revolted. Montezuma tells his people not to revolt, by the force of Cortes. Montezuma is stoned tree days later by his people. The Spainiards were then driven out on the famous Noche Triste in June of 1520.

Meaning of Life by John Cottingham Essay

Every person has questioned the meaning of life; It is an idea that can be traced through out the history of mankind. John Cottingham, author of â€Å"The Meaning of Life† is just one of the many who have tried to explain and simplify this complicated question. â€Å"The Meaning of Life† is a short but informative book that attempts to breakdown the meaning of life with as little religious intervention as possible, while at the same time, be able to â€Å"reveal how [religion] connects with values and commitments that we all share, and to find a way of accommodating it without the sacrifice of scientific or philosophical integrity. † (ix). In â€Å"The Meaning of Life† Cottingham offers insight on individualistic ethical ideals and alternatives to individualism, which can often be contrasted with the beliefs of Jean-Paul Sartre, who is one of the best known philosophers of the twentieth century. Cottingham uses chapter one to argue that individualistic ethical ideals are â€Å"compartmentalized† and â€Å"self-defeating. † He believes that having activities and achievements in ones life, like sports, are not enough to make ones life meaningful. Humans are complicated beings that require much more than a few simple success stories to be truly content with life. As Cottingham states, people have â€Å"biological imperatives (for food, warmth, shelter, procreation), social imperatives (the need to cooperate, the drive to communicate), emotional imperatives (the need for such things as mutual recognition and affection), and lastly and just as importantly what might be called ‘rational imperatives’. † (26) With out these four essentials, humans simply cannot be happy and live meaningful lives, though it may seem they do on the surface. One example Cottingham uses to display this belief is Gauguin the painter. Though Gauguin was a very successful painter, which some may argue was meaningful, his choices and actions are those of one who could be considered to be living a meaningless life. Yes, Gauguin was a successful painter, but he also left his wife and children to pursue this â€Å"self indulgent† career. By pursuing the one thing that made Gauguin’s life meaningful to him, he himself ruined any chance he had at truly living a meaningful life. This is because he had to sacrifice his biological, social, and emotional imperatives when he left his family and friends. While many philosophers strongly believe in individualism, Cottingham offers an alternative in his book. Theism is the belief in some type of deity. As Cottingham states â€Å"A worthwhile life will be one that posses genuine value – value linked to our human nature and the pursuit of what is objectively conducive to the flowering of that nature. † (32) Theists ultimately have something to work towards throughout their lives. With out this metaphorical ‘light at the end of the tunnel’ people could quickly lose the desire to live meaningful lives. Those without the belief that there is a purpose humans came to exist can be haunted by the thought that â€Å" if ‘space’ is all the home we have, then our journey, a journey out of nothing and towards nothing, risks appearing futile, as void of significance as the ultimate void that spawned us and will eventually swallow us up. † (34) With nothing to strive towards it is easy to live a compartmentalized, closed, and selfish life, abandoning the four imperatives mentioned previously and thus living a life with no meaning. By being open and integrated, Theists can share their experiences on their quest towards living a meaningful life. One person that would strongly disagree with Cottingham’s belief in theism is Jean-Paul Sartre. One major reason Sartre is so opposed to theism is because of his concept of freedom. To Sartre, freedom is not possible when a person has a designed end or purpose. People must be able to decide their own purpose on this earth, and if they believe they were put here with a predetermined purpose by a â€Å"higher being† they will be unable to decide what their purpose is on their own. In the case of Gauguin, Sartre would disagree with Cottingham in that he would see nothing wrong with Gauguin leaving his family to pursue his artistic talents. If Gauguin had not left to do what he wished with his life, Sartre would have argued his belief of â€Å"bad faith† which occurs when any person denies their human freedom because they want to avoid the dread of realizing that their existence means nothing if one does not create meaning for themselves. Gauguin must leave his family to discover the meaning of his life in Sartre’s view, while Cottingham believes that by leaving his family he loses three of his imperatives and will be unhappy and live a meaningless life. While both Sartre and Cottingham make interesting and valid points on leading a meaningful life, I agree with neither. Sartre would have encouraged Gauguin to leave his family and search for his own meaning, which I believe would have been very selfish and would have lead to a miserable, meaningless life full of guilt and loneliness. Even if Gauguin loved painting, spending a lifetime alone is undesirable for even the most introverted people. Though I disagree with Sartre’s reply, I also disagree with Cottingham’s belief that Gauguin should have stayed with his family in order to live a life with all of the four essentials mentioned previously. If Gauguin stayed with his family and stopped painting, he would live a life full of questions and regret that he didn’t take the opportunity to pursue his dream when he had the chance. Rather than having to pick one or the other (family or art) I believe Gauguin could have had the best of both worlds. He could have saved enough money to move his family to Tahiti with him, or could have looked for the beauty in his own home and family to inspire him. The meaning of life is a frightening idea that all people have questioned at some point in their lives. While Cottingham’s book is very interesting, it is certainly not for everyone. Cottingham does a superb job in helping the reader to decide on their own what a meaningful life is made of by offering multiple philosophies and beliefs in one short, easy to read book.

Mr.Jlgibson - 1096 Words

rom J.L.Gibson 09Sept14 To: Intro to Philosophy. Essay 1 What am I doing in this class? And how if at all. Do I think studying philosophy might benefit me. An introduction to Western Philosophy by Donald Palmer. I will attempt to answer three basic questions with this essay. What is Philosophy, What are the origins of Philosophy and why am I studying Philosophy today. Therefore my main reason for studying philosophy is to expand my knowledge and live the good life. What is philosophy? Philosophy, the Greek Word for love of wisdom, has been defined in a variety of ways, one of which is the notion that philosophy is the†¦show more content†¦Young Socrates also knew the Sophists and listened to their debates and ceremonial orations. Socrates and the Sophists Neither science nor Sophistry, however, could answer a new philosophic question that struck him. The earlier Greek thinkers had been concerned almost wholly with physics and cosmology until the Sophists suggested that what should be done instead was to teach young men skills to satisfy their natural self-interest. Instead, Socrates wondered: Know Thyself Socrates felt, however, that the Sophists, for all their talk of self-interest, had little curiosity about the status of a self; they assumed that it was merely an isolated center constantly greedy for more pleasure, prestige, and power. The Sophists further thought that the values that people advocated were all conventional, varying from one culture to another, and that no one would ever act against his or her own interest, regardless of how many people talked as though they would. This complex of ideas offered little to explain human nature and excellence. Socrates Later Life and Thought Socrates, setting about his search for the self, was convinced of the importance of his quest. Until educators and teachers knew what human excellence was, he thought, they were engaging in false pretenses by claiming that they knew how to improve students or societies.

The Use Of Personal Digital Assistants, Or Pdas, By...

There has been increase in the use of personal digital assistants, or PDAs, by individuals Traumatic Brain Injury or TBI. These devices are being used to help TBI patients with everyday activities such as keeping up with appointments, medication management, daily tasks, etc. Due to behavioral memory deficits that are common among TBI patients, these daily activities are difficult for these individuals. In the past â€Å"low-tech† items were used such as daily planners and strategically placed notes, but due to the growth of â€Å"high-tech† instruments, such as smartphones, personal computers, and PDAs, the â€Å"low-tech† devices are being used less (Gentry, Wallace, Kvarfordt, Lynch 2008 19-24). In the early stages of high-tech device use among TBI patients there were three popular computer programs that were used, but they were contained to desktop computers, which makes them useless outside of the individual’s home. Once PDA’s were introduce d these programs became obsolete. An early study of PDA use included the use a program called Psion Organizer. The study found that most TBI patients with memory deficits preferred the PDA and Psion Organizer over other low tech instruments. The Psion Organizer software is no longer available and been replaced with other software such as Palm systems. There has not been a study done on the Palm operating system. Research has been done on software specifically developed for TBI patients(Gentry, Wallace, Kvarfordt, Lynch 2008 19-24). The studyShow MoreRelatedFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesThis online teaching and learning environment integrates the entire digital textbook with the most effective instructor and student resources With WileyPLUS: Students achieve concept mastery in a rich, structured environment that’s available 24/7 Instructors personalize and manage their course more effectively with assessment, assignments, grade tracking, and more manage time better study smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visualRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What Do Managers Do? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Managerial Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Managerial Roles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What Resources Do Managers Use? . . . . . . . . . What Skills Are Needed by Today’s Managers? . What Are the Differences in Managing in For-Profit and Not-for-Profit Organizations? . . Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mary Dudziaks Cold War Civil Rights Essay - 1808 Words

Mary Dudziaks Cold War Civil Rights is an impressive take on the American race problem of 1950s and 1960s. Legal segregation is viewed in the context of its impact of the Cold War. This Professor of both Law and History has decided that it is pertinent to look at a string of events that happened solely in the United States, and place them within the histories and actions of the rest of the world. Her hypothesis is that much of the Civil Rights legislation passed in the 20th century was a direct result of Americas desire to implement democracy as a way of life worldwide. This text is a sort of tale of modern racism, focusing on America, written as a narrative of the relationship between democracy and communism. Historians often†¦show more content†¦Dudziak shows, as early as the Introduction, an example of how the United States immobilized the campaign for democracy with its segregation as Japan used and explained American racism to its people to prove that America would n ever treat the Japanese as equals, though her never-ending use of concrete examples if what makes the book so compelling. She chose July 25, 1946 as her start date in this discussion of empire and government, on the occasion that George Dorsey was killed alongside his three companions in Georgia in the name of white supremacy. Their bodies were shot so many times that their faces were practically unidentifiable, allowing a reporter to write that nothing in the undertakers art could put back the[ir] faces.(19) Dudziak takes most of Chapter One to frame the grim situation in America, describing the NAACP and coupling it with the presidency of Harry Truman. The reader is reminded that it was seen as un-American to try to change society at this time, possibly allowing for a reason that kept Truman from passing any groundbreaking civil rights legislation. The United States, as leader of the free world, had been exposed and opened to condemnation as it was discovered that her practices and principles were not the same. Everywhere from Fiji to Shanghai to Bombay to Manila to LondonShow MoreRelatedCivil Rights : An Appearance1338 Words   |  6 PagesProfessor Roe US History 1 October 2014 Civil Rights as an Appearance The United States prided itself on personal and collective freedoms during the Cold War, despite actively denying the same inalienable rights to the African American population during that time. Mary L. Dudziak’s book Cold War Civil Rights: Race and the Image of American Democracy and Jacquelyn Dowd Hall’s article â€Å"The Long Civil Rights Movement and the Political Uses of the Past† interpret civil rights history in two compatible ways.Read MoreCold War Civil Rights By Mary Dudziak1764 Words   |  8 PagesCold War Civil Rights by Mary Dudziak’s is a unique take on the American race problem during the 1950s and 60s. The legal segregation is viewed in context of the impact it had on the Cold War. The Civil Rights legislation passed in the 20th century was a result of America’s desire to apply democracy as a â€Å"way of life† worldwide. Often, historians take topics to a new level, viewing the subject carefully. This is done in American History, as one might only study women, or cotton plantation owners

Dv Table of Maestro free essay sample

Conveys the impression that Darwin is a place where people who don’t fit in come together| Topic sentence/s – the distinctively visual setting in Maestro assists in representing/capturing the identity of Darwin of the 1960’s. | Evidence| Techniques| Effect| After a difficult days work at the hospital not long after arriving in Darwin, Paul’s father remarks rather irately that â€Å"All the drifters†, the misfits†, â€Å"All the scum in the country has somehow risen to this one town† (p. )| Metaphors, adjectives| Irritation is emitted by the use of metaphors and adjectives. | Paul’s initial observations of Darwin as he moved there is that â€Å"I loved the town of booze and blow at first sight. And above all its smell: those hot, steamy perfumes that wrapped about me as we stepped off the plane†¦ Moist, compost air. Sweet? and? sour air†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 9)| Metaphors, oxymoron, adjectives, alliteration, imagery| | As Paul g ot used to the surrounding of Darwin, he describes that â€Å"Everything grew larger than life in the steamy hothouse of Darwin, and the people were no exception. We will write a custom essay sample on Dv Table of Maestro or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (p. 11) | Metaphors, descriptive language| | Paul explains the people in Darwin that â€Å"They sought forgetfulness, not remembrance†¦A town populated by men who had run as far as they could flee. † (p. 17)| Descriptive language, similes, metaphors| | Characters Idea/s – the protagonist, Paul, shows his immaturity through is behaviour | Topic sentence/s –the immaturity of some characters can be shown through the distinctively visual techniques used. | Evidence/quotes| Techniques| Effect| I was child enough – self centred enough – to think it likely. (p. ) (Paul reminisces about his thoughts on Keller when he was fifteen) | | | Apart from the piano they had little in common. When I think of my parents, I see only polarities. (p. 15)(Paul’s views of his parents)| | | I performed†¦basking in an older, more adult acceptance that should have more than compensated for my own age group’s rejection. (p. 29)| | | I redoubled my effo rts to defy the theory of limits and approach ever more closely – and finally grasp – the ideal I was sure he felt me incapable of reaching. (p. 32)(Paul’s urge to prove Keller wrong)| | | One voice was always missing from the chorus of praise: my teacher’s. p. 35)| | | I felt strangely empty, deflated. Nothing worthwhile was ever achieved so easily, a small voice – perhaps my father’s, perhaps Keller’s – nagged deeply inside. (P. 91)| | | Idea/s – Keller’s advices that he is giving to Paul to help try to make him grow| Topic Sentence/s | Evidence/quotes| Techniques| Effect| You are spoilt†¦First you must learn to listen. (P. 12)| | | You must know when to move on. To search too long for perfection can also paralyse. (P. 31)| | | Perhaps there can be no perfection. Only levels of imperfection. (p. 31) (Keller’s advice to Paul signalling that there is no such thing as being perfect. | | | I suspected I was glimpsing some part of him that had long been repressed: some frivolous, joyous core that hardship, childhood tragedy and the War had buried inside him too long. (P. 42)| | | The forgery must have taken many times longer than the original†¦It was technically better†¦And yet something was missing. Not much – but something. (p. 46) (One of Keller’s sayings, but said in a manner of little regard to everyone else around him. )| | | Events Idea/s – | Topic sentence/s | Evidence/quotes| Techniques| Effect| I felt strangely empty, deflated. Nothing worthwhile was ever achieved so easily, a small voice – perhaps my father’s, perhaps Keller’s – nagged deeply inside. (p. 91) (Paul’s emotions after he had won the music competition with his band. )| | | Only now can I recognize the scene for what it was: a confessional, a privilege that I, through selfishness and sensual addiction, failed to accept. (P. 117)| | | Honourable mention became the story of my life, no matter how much I practiced. I had found my level†¦ (p. 128)| | | Soon I would be flying back to the South: to the woman and child that I loved, within the confines of a life that I hated. (P. 149)| | |

Diverse sources

Question: Explain the Diverse sources of current ethical and cultural issues. Answer: In present environment, ethics has prime role regarding conduct a business properly. Since, it not helps society to grow as a whole but also provide advantage to the businesses. This study evaluates the impact of home ownership rules to the livelihood of the indigenous people. Therefore, the study focuses on to critically analyze every factor regarding indigenous home ownership in order to evaluate the kind of impact it can made on the overall economical development. The study also critically analyzes whether community is more important regarding a business introduction or individual spark. Diverse sources of current ethical and cultural issues: From the case study, I found that private home ownership in the indigenous land has emerged as one of the major cultural issues of Australian society. Since, home ownership has the potential to have major contribution in providing financial security to the people. Form the study, I found that majority of the people in Australia has the right to have the ownership of homes and lands. Therefore, not providing home ownership in the traditional indigenous land has emerged as the top cultural issues of the society (Acevedo 2011). From the study, I found that traditional indigenous lands are the only places in Australia where nobody can have private home ownership. As a result, I believe that it not only affecting other individuals from the Australian society to have ownership of the indigenous land but also affecting financial security of the indigenous people of the Australian society. I evaluate that majority of the assets of indigenous Australians are communally own. Therefore, it not only affecting financial security of the indigenous people but also has adverse impact on the economic development (Kline 2011). I estimated that communal ownership has major negative influence on property taxes. As a result, income level of the economy effected as well. Understanding of the global management skills: Global management skill regarding indigenous community development will have to consider several factors. From the study, it can be evaluated that many businesses started doing business without including local people (Kwarciński 2012). As a result, the indigenous community cannot able to have any benefit from the introduction of new businesses. This not only affected the overall economical development of the indigenous society but also increasing level of dissatisfaction as well. However, in the present competitive business environment every organization is looking to implement strategies that have the potential to provide competitive advantage (Roberts 2012). Hence, management skills of the organization becoming more crucial in order to minimize the dissatisfaction level of the indigenous people of the Australian community. The study evaluated the fact that global managers will not only have to focus on the revenue level of the company but also will have to ensure that it is doing its bit to help economical development of the indigenous people of the community. Hence, management skill will have to consider balancing the revenue level of the organization with the economical development of the indigenous society (Ma et al. 2012). For instance, the study has mentioned that the management will have to consider specific percentage of indigenous people to include into the business so that it can able to maintain business ethics properly. Impact of the different cultural and ethical values in the interaction process within the organization: As per the article by Neiman (2012), differences in cultural values can have major impact on the ethical practices. Since, people develop their perception based on their values, which is highly influenced by the culture in which they born and brought up. Therefore, I believe that it is necessary for every organization to develop an organizational culture, which will influence people regardless of their culture to come up with new and innovative ideas (Mande 2012). In addition, I found that the study highlighted that it is very important for an organization working in an indigenous community to take at least 25% of the indigenous people. Now, I believe that it obvious that the culture of the indigenous people is highly different as compared with other people. Therefore, I think these differences in culture will create barriers in the overall communication structure of a particular organization. Now, I strongly believe that effective communication within the organizational structure have major role in providing competitive advantage in the organization (Gallagher 2012). Furthermore, communication barrier can also restrict individuals to share their perspectives, which will eventually de-motivate them towards their work. Hence, it is necessary for the management to develop an atmosphere that can allow organization to perform its communication process in a smoother way (Ryan 2012). Analysis of indigenous topics in the contemporary business: I found that the concept of indigenous topic has able to gather huge amount of interest over the past few decades. In the context of the study that highlighted the impact of home ownership rules for the indigenous people and its impact on the businesses. I found that many organizations have implemented many strategies in order to improve the economical condition of the indigenous society. However, from the study I found that home ownership factor has huge amount of negative impact on the financial security of the indigenous people. Therefore, I think organizations will have to provide extra benefits so that these people can able to have a far better financial secure life. However, I do understand that organizations will have to invest extra for the development of these people. In fact, many studies have mentioned that majority of the indigenous people does not possess any specific skill set, which an organization can utilize to increase its revenue level (Neiman 2012). Therefore, I think it is up to the organizations to provide training to these indigenous people so that they can able to contribute to the profit level of the organization. Thus, I think organizations will have to make long-term investment in order to have benefits from the people. In addition, I found from the study that the government would provide concessions and other benefits for the organizations that would employ 75% of its total employee from the indigenous society (Toiviainen 2012). Therefore, I think that it can have serious impact on the business processes of the organization. Review of the article: As per my opinion, the article analyzes different factors related to indigenous community in order to assess the kind of impact it can have on the business processes. At the beginning, I found that the home ownership rules of indigenous land actually have huge amount of negative impact on the economical development process of the society. Since, I found that people would not have to pays property tax to the government that they actually possess. Since, it is not under the rules of individual ownership (Orozco and Poonamallee 2013). As a result, I found that the revenue level of the government affected hugely, which eventually minimizes the possibility of economic development of the society. From the study, I also make out that most of the organizations are reluctant to utilize local people of the indigenous society in the organizational structure. I believe this is primarily because of the lack of knowledge and skills of these people. As a result, organizations look to import people from different geographical are so that they can able to fulfill the requirement of the organization effectively (Saxena 2012). However, I think this has to be considered as a major ethical issue that organizations will have to consider. Since, I found it actually minimizes the possibility of economical development of the indigenous society. Conclusion: In present context, the concept of indigenous has major impact on the business processes as well. Since, globalization has made organizations to work in different culture. Therefore, they have to include local people in its organizational structure in order to maintain its goodwill in the society. Furthermore, increase number of refugees in the developed countries also has major influence on the concept of indigenous people, as the economies will have to face challenges regarding more and more introduction of different cultures. Hence, organizations will have to be extremely careful before implementing any business strategies so that it able to maintain its ethics properly. References: Acevedo, Alma. 2011. "Personalist Business Ethics And Humanistic Management: Insights From Jacques Maritain".J Bus Ethics105 (2): 197-219. doi:10.1007/s10551-011-0959-x. Gallagher, A. 2012. "Ethics And Compromised Consciousness".Nursing Ethics19 (4): 449-450. doi:10.1177/0969733012449782. Kline, William. 2011. "HumeS Theory Of Business Ethics Revisited".J Bus Ethics105 (2): 163-174. doi:10.1007/s10551-011-0956-0. Kwarciński, Tomasz. 2012. "Ethics Of Business Or Ethics For Business? Two Models For Teaching Business Ethics".MBA.CE3(116): 42-49. doi:10.7206/mba.ce.2084-3356.14. Ma, Zhenzhong, Dapeng Liang, Kuo-Hsun Yu, and Yender Lee. 2012. "Most Cited Business Ethics Publications: Mapping The Intellectual Structure Of Business Ethics Studies In 2001-2008".Bus Ethics Eur Rev21 (3): 286-297. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8608.2012.01652.x. Mande, WilsonMuyinda. 2012. "Business Ethics Course And Readiness Of MBA Students To Manage Ethically".Afr J Bus Ethics6 (2): 133. doi:10.4103/1817-7417.111024. Neiman, Paul. 2012. "A Social Contract For International Business Ethics".J Bus Ethics114 (1): 75-90. doi:10.1007/s10551-012-1332-4. Orozco, David and Latha Poonamallee. 2013. "The Role Of Ethics In The Commercialization Of Indigenous Knowledge".J Bus Ethics119 (2): 275-286. doi:10.1007/s10551-013-1640-3. Roberts, Robert. 2012. "Narrative Ethics".Philosophy Compass7 (3): 174-182. doi:10.1111/j.1747-9991.2011.00472.x. Ryan, Cheyney. 2012. "The Dialogue Of Global Ethics".Ethics International Affairs26 (01): 43-47. doi:10.1017/s0892679412000238. Saxena, K. B. 2012. "Book Review: Land And Cultural Survival: The Communal Land Rights Of Indigenous People In Asia".Social Change42 (2): 289-295. doi:10.1177/004908571204200210. Toiviainen, L. 2012. "Book Review: Confessions: Confounding Narrative And Ethics".Nursing Ethics19 (2): 304-304. doi:10.1177/0969733012438645.