Artificial Intelligence paper

The design of the system was the result of a project funded by the Greek Secretariat of Research and Technology . It will operate in the National Center of Immediate Assistance (KEBAB in Greek), which deals with emergency medical incidents by coordinating and routing ambulances to appropriate hospitals and health units as well as offering medical care to patients during their transport to hospitals. Our research unit was mainly responsible for designing the GIS subsystem, which constitutes the primary focus of this paper.The paper is an extended version of one presented at Delegate 2000 (Drinkers, Gorillas, Makers, Presents, Siestas, & Disallows, 2000). An operation with substantial importance for the handling of emergency incidents is the routing of an ambulance to an incident site and from there to the closest appropriate hospital. The optimal routes correspond to minimum required transportation times. Finding such routes may prove to be time-consuming in the case of large cities s uch as Athens with very dense road networks.However, by exploiting recent advances in the field of data structures, the performance of a shortest-path algorithm in terms of the required computational time can be significantly enhanced. The incorporation of the enhanced shortest-path algorithm thin the GIS will lower our system's response time, thus increasing its inability. This paper is organized as follows. Section 2 briefly presents primary aspects of a Gig's facilities in modeling and analyzing spatial networks. In Section 3 the overall integrated system is described. Section 4 deals with the GIS subsystem and describes its key functions.Section 5 briefly explains how the performance of a shortest-path algorithm can be enhanced, while Section 6 demonstrates how to incorporate this enhanced algorithm within a commercial GIS such as Raccoon. Finally, Section 7 summarizes the results of the project. . Modeling and analysis of spatial networks GIS technology integrates common databa se operations such as query and statistical analysis with the unique visualization and geographic analysis benefits offered by maps (SERIES Web site; Franklin, 1992; Mueller, 1993). Among other things, a GIS facilitates the modeling of spatial networks (e. . Road networks), Other partners in this project were the University of Piraeus, the National Technical University of Athens, the Aristotle University of Thessalonians and the companies ITCH G. Drinkers et al. / Compute. , Environ. And Urban Systems 25 (2001) 267-278 69 offering algorithms to query and analyze them. Spatial networks are modeled with graphs. In the case of road networks, the graph's arcs correspond to street segments whereas the nodes correspond to street segment intersections. Each arc has a weight associated with it, representing the impedance (cost) of traversing it.In most cases, an arc's impedance is a function of the corresponding street segment's length and traffic volume. A GIS usually provides a number of tools for the analysis of spatial networks. It generally offers tools to find the shortest or minimum impedance route wrought a network and heuristic procedures to find the most efficient route to a series of locations, commonly called the traveling salesman problem. Allocation functions assign portions of the network to a resource supply location and tracing tools provide a means to determine whether one location in a network is connected to another.Distance matrix calculation can be used to calculate distances between sets of origins and destinations whereas location-allocation functions determine site locations and assign demand to sites. Moreover, street addresses can be converted to map coordinates (address coding). Finally, dynamic segmentation operations offer ways of modeling events (e. G. Pavement quality, speed zones) along routes (SERIES Web site). These capabilities of GIS for analyzing spatial networks enable them to be used as decision support systems for the districti ng and routing of vehicles (Grassland, Wynn, & Perkins, 1995; Keenan, 1996, 1998). . The overall integrated system Up till now, Kebab's employees were using paper maps and their own experience in order to achieve the effective routing and districting of ambulances. However, these two functions, which constitute significant areas in the field of decision support yeasts (Eom, Lee, & Kim, 1993), require the integration of a computer-based system with geographic analysis and visualization tools and a telecommunication network. The operation of the integrated system will automate and enhance many of Kebab's services. The system's architecture is depicted in Fig. 1.It is based on the integration of GIS, GASP and GSM technologies. The GASP and GSM technologies will be used to transmit the exact positions of ambulances to the GIS operating in Kebab's Operations Center. The integration of these technologies enables the management of vehicles such as many trucks, patrol cars and ambulances (H auberk, 1995). All these applications are parts of the new emerging disciplines of teleprocessing and telecommunication (Laurie, 1999, 2000; Tanzania, 2000). Each ambulance will be equipped with a GASP receiver to determine its exact position based on the signal transmitted by satellites.In addition, it will have a GSM modem in order to transmit its position to the base station in the Operations Center. This will be achieved through the GSM network. Furthermore, through the GSM network other be equipped with a computer or a 270 Fig. 1 . The overall integrated system. Mobile data terminal to display the route computed by the GIS operating in the Operations Center. Kebab's Operations Center will exchange data with the ambulances through the GSM network. It will receive the ambulance positions and will use the GIS to perform the functions described in Section 4.The optimal route calculated for a specific ambulance will be transmitted to it. In the Operations Center there will be a comp uter dedicated to communication with the ambulances and another one for the operation of the GIS. In addition, there will be one or more computers for the operation of the database management system (DB'S) containing data used by the GIS. Nowadays, most GIS software packages offer a rich set of tools and extensions, enabling the incorporation of GASP data and offering real-time tracking capabilities.SERIES Archive, for instance, offers an extension called Tracking Analyst that allows direct feed and playback of real-time data within the Archive GIS environment (SERIES Web site). The system's architecture follows the centralized approach (Laurie, 2000; Tanzania, 2000) whereby a control center (in our case Kebab's Operations Center) coordinates the fleet of mobile vehicles. Data from the vehicles and sensors are sent to this center and, after being evaluated, data and instructions are transmitted to the vehicles. A strong point of this architecture is the easiness with which it is des igned. 71 However, the danger of a crash in the control center constitutes a major weakness (Lament, 2000; -rant, 2000). 4. The GIS subsystem The GIS will make use of various data that are either stored in spatial databases and DB'S or transmitted through the GSM network. Spatial data will cover the road network, the locations of hospitals and medical centers, the positions of ambulances, he distribution of incidents occurring in the past, the distribution of population characteristics (e. G. Demographic characteristics or disease spreading), and locations of various landmarks.Basic spatial data for the road network relate to intersections and the road segments are coded based on intersection type (e. G. Railroad crossing, street intersection) and the type of traffic control device present (e. G. Stop sign, stop light). Road segments form the framework for a number of other geographic features defined using route systems. Street names, for instance, are defined as routes. Along them speed zones ND speed limit signs are recorded as linear and point events, respectively. In addition, lanes are recorded as linear events along these routes.Since the majority of streets are only two-lane residential streets, only sections with more than two lanes are recorded. Another important aspect is the recording of the locations of hospitals and gas stations. Moreover, address information related to the road network is being stored, facilitating coding operations. Data concerning road traffic will be very useful for the routing of ambulances. These data will be updated by processing traffic statistics and simultaneously taking into inconsideration online data deriving from traffic sensors installed on the road network.The National Technical University of Athens has installed loop sensors on the road network of Athens, providing essential information on traffic conditions. Traffic data will be stored in a DB'S. Data pertaining to events such as road works or demonstrations tha t also affect road traffic will be made available from the municipality or the police. Data concerning hospitals, ambulances, and their personnel will also be stored in the DB'S and used by the GIS whenever it is necessary. Information linking conventional loophole numbers with addresses is also stored in a DB'S.Its importance will become evident in the next section. Some of the primary functions performed by the GIS operating in KEBAB will be the following: 1 . Depiction on a map of ambulance positions and hospital locations. Useful queries that will be performed include the display of information about an ambulance or a hospital chosen from the map, locating all ambulances positioned within a block, all ambulances that are closer to a hospital or some other spot, etc. Different symbols will be used for displaying an ambulance, 272 2. 3. 4. . 6. Pending on its status: an ambulance may be standing by, handling an incident, or tools of the GIS will take into consideration the data co ncerning the road network, past incident distribution, population distribution, hospital locations, locations of gas stations and traffic conditions and will propose efficient distributions of ambulances. A variety of criteria should be considered in order to perform this operation. For example, areas where many incidents take place should be allocated more ambulances. A densely populated area entails a higher probability of an incident occurring.Additionally, an area's urban planning affects the way incidents are handled. Areas close to major streets facilitate ambulance access to whereas areas with narrow streets inhibit it. If the administrator of the GIS chooses to distribute ambulances according to his/her own criteria, the depiction on the map of all the available information and the interaction with the GIS will be of significant assistance. Finding the site of the incident. Based on the address given by the person calling Kebab's Operations Center for help, the GIS can use a ddress coding functions to find the incident's coordinates on the map.However, in many cases the person calling for help may be at a loss for words and thus unable to give precise information about the site of the incident. Therefore, the system should include a mechanism for matching a call to an address. The DB'S linking conventional telephone numbers with addresses will facilitate this matching. Things are more complicated if the call is made from a cellular phone, however. In this case, the assistance of the cellular phone providers will be required in order to match a caller's location to the closest address or landmark. Choosing the appropriate ambulance to Andre an emergency incident.According to ambulance positions, the type and location of the incident and traffic conditions, the GIS finds the ambulance requiring the least time to reach the site of the incident. The choice of ambulance depends on the type of incident because some ambulances are equipped to handle special em ergency cases. Routing an ambulance to the incident site and from there to the closest appropriate hospital. The GIS will be used to find the optimal routes corresponding to minimum required transportation time. The distance as well as traffic data will be taken into account. The appropriate hospital will furthermore depend on the type of incident.Such information will be derived from communication through the GSM network between the ambulance personnel and the personnel in the Operations Center. The GIS can also present the driver with directions corresponding to the routes generated (e. G. Go straight ahead, turn right to Armor Street, etc. ). These directions will be transmitted to the ambulance. In a real- time system like ours, the time performance of the routing function is of vital significance. Generation of statistics regarding incidents. The GIS, in cooperation with the DB'S annotating incident records, can significantly assist in the statistical analysis of incidents.Cons equently, important conclusions supporting the ambulance districting can be obtained. 5. The most efficient implementation of Disaster's algorithm An operation with substantial importance for the handling of emergency incidents is the routing of an ambulance to an incident site and from there to the closest appropriate hospital. The optimal routes correspond to minimum required transportation times. Finding such routes may prove to be time-consuming in the case of large cities such as Athens with very dense road networks. A real-time system however, must be able to give a prompt reply to such queries.Disaster's algorithm is a simple and consequently easily implemented algorithm for finding shortest routes and is the most widely used in GIS software packages. Its performance depends on the data structures (e. G. Heaps or priority queues) used to implement the graph representing the spatial network. By exploiting recent advances in the field of data structures the performance of a sig nificantly enhanced. We assume that we are given a graph with n nodes, m arcs, and integral arc lengths in the range [0,.. C], where C is the largest arc length. This graph represents the road network.Boris V. Characters, Andrew V. Goldberg and Craig Silversides developed the hot queue data structure (Characters, Goldberg, & Silversides, 1996, 1999) that combines the best features of heaps and multi-level buckets (Denary & Fox, 1979) in a natural way. They proved in theory that if C is very small compared to n, the data structure performs as a multi-level bucket structure. If C is very large, the data structure performs as the heap used in it. For intermediate values of C, the data structure performs better than either the heap or the multi-level jacket structure.

Tokyo essy

I will be talking about the city of Tokyo. Tokyo is well known and is very interesting with many great attractions and a huge economy. Tokyo is the capital of Japan and is the most densely populated cities of the country. Since ancient times, the city has been one of the most densely populated cities of the country. Tokyo is the largest metropolitan area in the world. The Tokyo metropolis was formed in 1943. Tokyo was originally a fishing village named Edo. Tokyo isn't Just a city, it is a megacity.Tokyo is great now but Just 400 years ago this global powerhouse was little ore than a backwater castle town on the shores of the muddy Sumida River. Over the past century it has been twice virtually annihilated. It almost first collapsed during the 1923 Great Kanto earthquake and subsequent firestorm, and again in 1945 after the devastation of the Allied bombings. Each time it has risen like a phoenix from the ashes, reborn in an ever-more-modern reflection of itself. Tokyo know shines an d is a great city to be a part of.The political economy of Tokyo is very immense and the city revolves around the people, environment and Jobs. Though it occupies only 0. 6% of the total area of Japan, the population density is nearly 5,655 persons per square kilometers, thereby making is one of the most populated cities of the world. As on October 1st, 2003 the population of the city stood at 12. 369 million. Tokyo has the largest metropolitan economy in the world. Tokyo has a total GDP of IJS$I . 479 trillion in. As of 2009, 51 of the companies listed on the Global 500 are based in Tokyo, almost twice that of the second-placed city (Paris).Tokyo is a major international finance center. It houses the headquarters of several of the world's largest investment banks and insurance ompanies, and serves as a hub for Japan's transportation, publishing, and broadcasting industries. During the centralized growth of Japan's economy following World War II, many large firms moved their headqua rters from cities such as Osaka, to Tokyo, in an attempt to take advantage of better access to the government. This trend has begun to slow due to ongoing population growth in Tokyo and the high cost of living there.It is the most expensive city in the world to live in for 14 years in a row until 2006. Another aspect that helped build Tokyo to what it is is The Tokyo Stock Exchange. It is Japan's largest stock exchange, and third largest in the world by market capitalization and fourth largest by share turnover. Tourism in Tokyo is also a huge contributor to the economy. In 2006, 4. 81 million foreigners and 420 million Japanese visits to Tokyo were made; the economic value of these visits totaled 9. 4 trillion yen according to the government of Tokyo.Many tourists visit the various downtowns, stores, and entertainment districts throughout the neighborhoods. Besides banking and stock aspect, Tokyo had 8,460 ha (20,900 acres) of agricultural land as of 2003. The farmland is concentra ted in Western Tokyo. Perishables such as vegetables, fruits, and flowers can be conveniently shipped to the markets in the eastern part ot the pretecture. Komatsuna and spinach are the most important vegetables; as of 2000, Tokyo supplied 32. 5% of the komatsuna sold at its central produce market.With 36% of its area covered by forest, Tokyo has extensive growths of cryptomeria and Japanese cypress, especially in the mountainous western communities of Akiruno, –me, Okutama, Hachi ¶Ji, Hinode, and Hinohara. Tokyo Bay was once a major source of fish. Presently, most of Tokyo's fish production comes from the outer islands, such as Izu –shima and HachiJ ¶Jima. Skipjack tuna, nori, and ali are among the ocean products. (Wikipedia) Tokyo was built because of the people and because of the Jobs and opportunities.Throughout the years, Tokyo has expanded the companies and businesses and became one the most expensive cities in all aspects in the world. The culture and urban ecology of Tokyo is widespread and a big part of the community. Over the years, people from the other prefectures of Japan gradually moved into this city, thereby leading to a massive growth in its population. The population of the city is divided into Juveniles, working age population and the aged population. The Juvenile age groups range from 0-14 years, the working age ranges from 15-64 years while the aged population ranges from 65 years and above.As per the figures provided in January 2003, the three age groups constitute nearly 1 1. 9%, 70. 9% and 17. 1% respectively, of the total population of the city. The aged population of the country is particularly on the rise over here. Tokyds population is also higher due to the huge number of people who commute everyday to this city from the nearby prefectures for studying or for working. Because of this reason, the daytime population of Tokyo is higher than the nighttime population. Tokyo is home to a number of foreign nationals. As on January 2005, the number of foreign residents found in the country stood at 353,826.The five major nationalities of the foreign residents staying in this country consist of British, Chinese, American, Korea and Philippine. The natives to Tokyo are called Tokyoites. Tokyo is also a great landscape and has great scenery. Tokyo is one of few places in the world where a flower can bring an entire city to a state of near-sexual excitement. Cherry blossoms last for less than two weeks and are symbolic, of the impermanence of life, the sadness underlying its exquisite beauty. Cherry blossoms fall in their prime, as samurai warriors were meant to do.High-end kurabu bar hostesses compose themselves into human ikebana flower arrangements with the same eye for art and beauty as the geisha who once frequented the pleasure districts of old Edo, famous throughout Japan. Look out over Tokyo and you will see a 21st-century megalopolis, a city of glassy skyscrapers ringed by an elevated super tol l road, like a modern Great Wall of China. But Tokyo is far more than that. It's a place where the past is inextricably woven into the present; where pockets of ancient traditions don't Just survive, they hrive in the midst of an ultramodern consumer culture.Architecture in Tokyo has largely been shaped by Tokyo's history. The socio- psychological aspect of Tokyo is very interesting. Twice in recent history, the metropolis has been left in ruins: first in the 1923 Great Kant ¶ earthquake and later after extensive firebombing in World War II. Because of this, Tokyo's urban landscape consists mainly ot modern and contemporary architecture, and older buildings are scarce. Tokyo features many internationally famous forms of modern architecture including Tokyo International Forum, Asahi Beer Hall, Mode Gakuen Cocoon Tower, NTT Docomo Yoyogi Building and Rainbow Bridge.Tokyo also features two distinctive towers: Tokyo Tower and the new Tokyo Skytree which is the tallest tower in Japan a nd the second tallest structure in the world. Tokyo also contains numerous parks and gardens. There are four national parks in Tokyo Prefecture, including the Fuji- Hakone-lzu National Park, which includes all of the Izu Islands. All the parks and fields are sights to see and enjoyed by many people and still making people enjoy that they live there. The fut

Violence In The Workplace Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Violence In The Workplace - Research Paper Example is there in the workplace on the basis of a number of reasons such as inappropriate attitudes from management and co-workers, injustice, sexual harassment, inequality, presumptuousness, workload and social pressure. The management and the employer must take preventive measures to control any act of violence and aggression. Violence and aggression are such concepts that come to the forefront many times because of the inappropriate attitudes of the employers and co-workers. There are many kinds of violence that can take place in the workplaces. The workplace stress and aggression is a reality that is faced by a number of people who work at different work places (Gill, 2002). At some occasions, where the management is very responsive, there are fewer chances of these attitudes. Violence cannot be considered as a negligible aspect because it affects the employees, the workplace and customers to a great extent. Violence is considered to be an outcome of personal problems, physical and emotional dysfunctional behavior, social pressure, workplace pressure, employers’ demands, workload, inequality, harassment and much more (Glomb, 2000). When an employee acts violently or aggressively, it cannot be considered as wholly as the activity, which is only employee-based. There are reasons behind the violent act of an employee. The purpose of this study is to find why violence in the workplace place is caused and what are the effects of the violence in the workplace? This study considers a detailed literature review in which, various articles, books and journals are analyzed in terms of their notification about violence and its reasons in a workplace. This research paper takes into account the workplace stress and aggressiveness experienced by different workers of different workplaces to form an opinion regarding the type of stresses and aggressive attitudes felt and experienced by the employees. This research proves that the workers and employees show stress, violence and

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Risk Assessment and Management Plan - Essay Example People suffering physical disabilities as well as having psychiatric problems are among the main sufferers of domestic violence. Furthermore, children are also directly or indirectly influenced by domestic violence (Iowa State University of Science and Technology, 2011). In accordance with the case, Janice, who is the mother of two and a half year child Sam was observed to be suffering from a problem of mental health i.e. bipolar disorder. Janice was least caring about the nutrition as well as the medical needs of Sam. Subsequently, Sam was removed from the care of Janice. After three months when Janice’s condition stabilised through medication, Sam’s care was restored to Janice. Moreover, for two years Janice and her partner Doug was together as well as had another child named Jessie but there were various incidents of domestic violence among them. Due to the stoppage of medication, Janice’s conditions worsened which led to further extreme violence among them. However, the partners were majorly concerned about their children. Domestic violence worker is required to support Janice in order to protect her goals and facilitate her to be able to take care of her children. The Mental Health Service is concerned about Janice and her children as she missed her two group support meeting consecutively. Moreover, it was observed in the last meeting that Janice was asking for money from other members of the group. The Police had approached o the Department of Child Safety in order to discuss about this family in the SCAN (Suspected Child Abuse and Neglect) meeting. The meeting was organised as they were concerned about the safety of children. The disability service provider and Child Health Clinic were concerned about the health of Evelyn and Jessie respectively. The Educational or School Counsellor was concerned about Sam who was negatively impacted by the acts of domestic violence, results of which were seen in his behavioural aspects towards the other

Analyzing Rhetoric and Culture using Political Cartoons Essay

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Reflect on and analyse feedback on own teaching (educational review, Essay

Reflect on and analyse feedback on own teaching (educational review, 3000 words) - Essay Example The reflection on these actions allows the engaged individual to employ continuous learning methods (Schon, 1983). The individual tends to learn from his actions in order to continuously improve and the resulting improvements are then used as future learning material. This makes the reflective practice method both dynamic and continuous. This is not to indicate that professionals relying on reflective practice tend to use their own experiences to learn but it serves to indicate that the reliance on personal experiences for learning is greater. Though reflective practice has been around for a few decades now but its wide scale application to professional practice has emerged in the last few years. A number of different models have been brought forward to delineate reflective practice including (but not limited to) models by Argyris and Schon (1978), Kolb (1984), Gibbs (1988), Johns (1995) and Rolfe (2001). Among these models of reflective practice, the model presented by Kolb (1984) h as gained widespread attention and acclaim. This paper will rely on the model presented by Kolb (1984) in order to advance arguments for reflective practice in a clinical setting aimed at learning. ... One key aspect of the model is the transformation of information into knowledge after a particular situation has occurred.16* Figure 1 – Kolb’s Reflective Practice Model (1984) extracted from (Schugurensky, 2002) Reflection on the Subject Teaching Session A teaching session was held in order to disseminate information and knowledge gathered through a continual and dynamic reflective practice run. The attendants for the session ranged from registrars to senior health officers (SHOs) so a widely differing audience was worked with using the teaching session. A key assumption before the teaching session was that members of the audience would be able to assimilate the provided information at the same rates or nearly at the same rates (Boss & Krauss, 2007). However, the teaching session proved beyond doubt that personal learning issues were far overtaken by learning issues based on position in the organisation. The learning styles for registrars and SHOs tended to differ wide ly so that certain concepts had to be repeated in order to ensure that all members of the audience were on the same page. Based on this observation, it would be relevant to utilise different teaching sessions or a wide variety of different teaching techniques to capture the differences in knowledge of such an audience. One method employed to keep the attention of the audience was to utilise quizzes that were presented at intermittent intervals during the teaching session (Darzi, 2008). It could be noticed that the audience seemed more involved in solving the problems presented by the quizzes rather than concentrating on slides one after the other. This observation also had another significant undertone. The subject teaching session

Madeleine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

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Bioenergy - Term Paper Example When forests are managed sustainably, their biodiversity, vitality, productivity, and capacity to regenerate both at present and in the future is conserved. As a result, the forests maintain their capacity to perform social, economic, ecologic functions without interfering with other ecosystems negatively at the local, national and global levels. There are several challenges to sustainable use of forest-derived bioenergy sources including the land-use conflict and land availability in many areas (Oko Institut 10). When selective logging is done at a rate that is sustainable, the forest is bound to be conserved. By adopting Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) practices such as establishing buffer zones along watersheds and streams, applying modern technologies to mitigate effects of log extraction and careful planning of the forest to prevent forest encroachment by humans, the productivity of the forest will be sustained according to CBD (Oko Institut, 8). Even as forest resources are harves ted, the way they are used determines the how much sustainable the resources will last. Wood products can be recycled to reduce the rate at which forests are harvested. Furthermore, when agro-forest bi-products and residues such as leaves, husks, shells, and straw are used in producing energy, the rate at which felling of trees is done can be greatly reduced. Developing countries have a lot of forest resources compared to developed countries according to Tomaselli (V). In this respect, the capacity of developing nations to produce high amounts of bioenergy compared to developed countries. However, with respect to sustainability, the developing countries have a long way to go. This is so considering that the policies instituted by their governments with an aim of making sustainable development are never well implemented. Furthermore, the technologies that they commonly use in the production and application of the energies are less efficient. In overall, both developed and underdevelo ped countries have a huge capacity to increase their share of forest bioenergy production, the former having the need to capitalize on the technological advantage that they have. 2. Realizing the potential a. Compare and contrast developed and less developed countries with respect to the potential for increasing the share of energy supplied by forest resources. Both developed and developing countries to some extent depend on forest resources to provide energy used in industries and for domestic purposes. However, forest resources can easily get depleted when used in a manner that is unsustainable whether in developed or underdeveloped countries. Forest derived bio-energy in most places is used in the form of fuel wood or charcoal. In developed countries, using biofuels including those from forests has often been considered old fashioned, its share in the national economy grossly declining until the period succeeding the oil crisis that hit the world in the 1970s. However, production of this kind of energy has been on the steady rise following growing concerns related to climate change, and the development of new biomass technologies among other factors. Following several studies conducted on the potential of bioenergy on a global scale taking into consideration population, yield and agricultural factors, it has been realized Africa and

Diversity and Curriculum Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Diversity and Curriculum Development - Essay Example This case happens due to the different ethnic groups that the students come from. Since the students can easily communicate well with the friends, this results in the students who share a common language to form different groups in the school basing on these language groups. To bring this case into control, I will introduce a common language that every student is well conversant with. I make it mandatory that every student communicates using this language. For example, English is an international language and no any high school student who will understand the language. The other issue is to introduce a course that interpolates the different cultures and which teach students of the importance of being together in a mixed diverse cultures. The benefits of the diverse culture curriculum is that the students will be able to learn others cultures and beliefs. It will enhance unity among the different ethnic communities since they will get to understand each other while in school, and upon getting home, they will tell their colleagues. For example, a particular community may be having a negative perception against another, where these colleagues will tell them that what they think is not the case. Another benefit is that accrues a community practicing in diverse cultural practices, is the issue of efficiency and effectiveness in performing tax. This is because different people from different parts of the world have different talents. For example, people from Brazil are magnificent in football, those from Chicago, perfect in basketball. In the context involving the diversity of male and female students, of late this issue is overshadowed by time,... In the context involving the diversity of male and female students, of late this issue is overshadowed by time, and bringing the cases of male-female students’ interaction will not be much hectic. However, there are still other communities which are still being held in the cocoon of male chauvinism. The main challenge will be to make these individuals to value the female students as same as they value the male ones. In order to deal with issue fully, I will argue my fellow committee members to pass the issue that any student caught discriminating his/her colleague just because of gender differences to be dealt with appropriately. This will be a lesson to him/her and to his/her friends with the same mentality. Another challenge is the issue of how the male and female students will have different resources. These resources will include the toilets, bathrooms and other activities like the queuing. Some of these issues will add on more expenses to the school. There are benefits, w hich accrue from the male, female interaction. These will include the enhanced cooperation among the two genders. With regard that the curriculum is based on cultural diversity, this may lead to students from different communities to mingle which will lead to intermarriages in the future date. It also makes the students learn with efficiency the differences between the genders since they can do it practically. For example, the differences between the physical characteristics of male and female can be demonstrated practically.